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How do you test for alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency?

Descarte a deficiência de AAT: rastreie todos os seus doentes

Como diagnosticar a deficiência de AAT

Test Results Sample
AlphaID™ Genotype (up to 14 alleles) Buccal swab1
Test AlphaID™
Results Genotype (up to 14 alleles)
Sample Buccal swab1

Se o resultado for positivo, confirme o diagnóstico com exames complementares*,2-4

Como confirmar um diagnóstico de deficiência de AAT2,3

Test Results Sample
Nephelometry (preferred), rocket immunoelectrophoresis, or radial immunodiffusion AAT levels Blood, serum or plasma
Direct sequencing Rare alleles Blood, serum or plasma
Isoelectric focusing Phenotyping of AAT Blood, serum, plasma or DBS
Test Nephelometry (preferred), rocket immunoelectrophoresis, or radial immunodiffusion
Results AAT levels
Sample Blood, serum or plasma
Test Direct sequencing
Results Rare alleles
Sample Blood, serum or plasma
Test Isoelectric focusing
Results Phenotyping of AAT
Sample Blood, serum, plasma or DBS

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New to testing?

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Grifols provides free comprehensive tests, from screening to diagnosis
To learn more information about AAT deficiency or to inquire about testing in your country Click here

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Per maggiori informazioni sul deficit di AAT o per domande sui test disponibili nel Suo paese, segua questo collegamento

 

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Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency diagnosis: next steps

Once you’ve confirmed a diagnosis, consider the following:

  • Familial genetic screening2,4,5
  • Genetic counselling2,4,5
  • Smoking prevention or cessation5,6
  • Avoidance of occupational respiratory pollutants5,6
  • Optimisation of COPD treatment for your patient2,4,5
  • Augmentation therapy, the only specific treatment for AAT deficiency2,4,5

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Detecting any deficient allele should prompt a lifestyle discussion with your patient 4,5

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What happens after an AAT deficiency diagnosis

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*As compared to diagnostic testing in affected individuals, targeted, predisposition screening can identify individuals with increased risk (predisposition) of genetic disease. A point of care test can be done using a DBS to detect the presence or absence of the PiZ genetic variant only.

Commercially available standards for radial immunodiffusion can overestimate AAT concentrations by as much as 35-40%.4

Because AAT is an acute phase reactant, serum levels without measuring c-reactive protein levels can be misleading.2

§Screening services are provided by Grifols free of charge and may not be billed to the healthcare provider, the hospital or institution, the patient or their insurers. Grifols screening services and the associated test results and analysis are provided by a certified alpha-1 reference lab. Screening is available in some countries and times may vary. Contact a Grifols representative for more information. AlphaIDTM and AlphaKit® are Medical Devices with CE mark according to current EU legislation.

AAT: alpha1 antitrypsin; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBS: dried blood spot.

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References

  1. Miravitlles M, Dirksen A, Ferrarotti I, et al. European Respiratory Society statement: diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency. European Respiratory Journal. 2017;50(5).
  2. Rachelefsky G, Hogarth DK. Issues in the diagnosis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(4):833-8.
  3. ATS, ERS. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: standards for the diagnosis and management of individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168(7):818-900.
  4. Campos MA, Wanner A, Zhang G, et al. Trends in the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency between 1968 and 2003. Chest. 2005;128(3):1179-86.